The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of evolutionarily ancient Patten Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that rapidly detect microbial infection and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokines and chemokines, as well as initiating significant metabolic shifts within the cell. Acting as cellular sentinels for infectious threats, signalling downstream of TLRs sets the stage for successful development of adaptive immunity 1.
HAP1 cell lines are a popular choice to validate a range of research experiments, but if you've never used them before, you want to be sure they are right for you.
A major study has been undertaken to gain a better understanding of thousands of mutations in the BRCA1 gene - a key gene in breast and ovarian cancers.